name: sfnext-i18n description: Implement internationalization in Storefront Next using i18next with useTranslation for components and getTranslation for server-side code. Use when adding translations, configuring locales, handling pluralization, using the Zod schema factory pattern, or managing extension translations. Covers namespaces, interpolation, and language switching.

Internationalization (i18n) Skill

This skill covers internationalization in Storefront Next using i18next with a dual-instance architecture (server + client).

Overview

• Server instance — Has access to all translations for all languages
• Client instance — Dynamically imports translations as JavaScript chunks
• Dual API — useTranslation() for components, getTranslation() for non-component code

Translation File Structure

Translations are organized as namespace files per locale, compiled into a TypeScript index:

src/locales/en-US/
├── index.ts              # Merges all namespace files + extensions
├── translations.json     # Default namespace (top-level keys become namespaces)
└── product.json          # "product" namespace (separate file)

src/locales/en-GB/
├── index.ts
├── translations.json
└── product.json

The index.ts imports all namespace files and extension translations:

import translations from '@/locales/en-US/translations.json';
import product from '@/locales/en-US/product.json';
import extensionTranslations from '@/extensions/locales/en-US/';

const allTranslations = { ...translations, product, ...extensionTranslations };
export default allTranslations satisfies ResourceLanguage;

Namespace structure in translations.json

Each top-level key is a namespace:

{
    "header": {
        "search": "Search",
        "account": "Account"
    },
    "footer": {
        "copyright": "© {{year}} Company"
    }
}

Separate namespace file (product.json)

{
    "title": "Product Details",
    "addToCart": "Add to Cart",
    "greeting": "Hello, {{name}}!",
    "itemCount_one": "{{count}} item",
    "itemCount_other": "{{count}} items"
}

Usage in Components

import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';

export function ProductCard() {
    const { t } = useTranslation('product');

    return (
        <div>
            <h1>{t('title')}</h1>
            <button>{t('addToCart')}</button>
            <p>{t('greeting', { name: 'John' })}</p>
            <p>{t('itemCount', { count: 5 })}</p>
        </div>
    );
}

Critical: Always pass a namespace to useTranslation():

// WRONG — missing namespace
const { t } = useTranslation();
t('title');  // Will not find the key

// CORRECT — with namespace
const { t } = useTranslation('product');
t('title');  // Works

Usage in Server Code

import { getTranslation } from '@/lib/i18next';

// In loaders/actions (pass context)
export function loader(args: LoaderFunctionArgs) {
    const { t } = getTranslation(args.context);
    return { title: t('product:title') };
}

// Client-side utilities (no context)
const { t } = getTranslation();
const message = t('product:addToCart');

Validation Schemas — Factory Pattern

Critical: Use a factory function for Zod schemas with translated messages to avoid race conditions:

// WRONG — Module-level schema (race condition: t() may not be initialized)
export const schema = z.object({
    email: z.string().email(t('validation:emailInvalid'))
});

// CORRECT — Factory function
import type { TFunction } from 'i18next';

export const createSchema = (t: TFunction) => {
    return z.object({
        email: z.string().email(t('validation:emailInvalid'))
    });
};

// Usage in component
import { useMemo } from 'react';
import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';

function MyForm() {
    const { t } = useTranslation();
    const schema = useMemo(() => createSchema(t), [t]);

    const form = useForm({ resolver: zodResolver(schema) });
}

Language Switching

import LocaleSwitcher from '@/components/locale-switcher';

export function Footer() {
    return <footer><LocaleSwitcher /></footer>;
}

Extension Translations

Extensions use extPascalCase namespace auto-derived from the extension directory name:

src/extensions/my-extension/locales/
├── en-US/translations.json
└── it-IT/translations.json

const { t } = useTranslation('extMyExtension');
t('welcome');

Common Pitfalls

Related Skills

• storefront-next:sfnext-components - Using translations in UI components
• storefront-next:sfnext-extensions - Extension translation namespacing
• storefront-next:sfnext-configuration - Locale and site configuration