name: coding-standards
description: Universal coding standards - naming, formatting, error handling, immutability, SOLID principles
Coding Standards
Naming Conventions
| Tip | Format | Ornek |
|---|
| Variable | camelCase | userName, itemCount |
| Function | camelCase, verb-first | getUserById, calculateTotal |
| Class/Type | PascalCase | UserService, OrderItem |
| Constant | UPPER_SNAKE | MAX_RETRIES, API_URL |
| File | kebab-case | user-service.ts, order-item.ts |
| Boolean | is/has/should prefix | isActive, hasPermission |
Immutability
// YANLIS: Mutate
user.name = newName;
items.push(newItem);
// DOGRU: Yeni obje
const updated = { ...user, name: newName };
const newItems = [...items, newItem];
Error Handling
// Custom error class
class AppError extends Error {
constructor(public code: string, message: string, public statusCode = 500) {
super(message);
}
}
// Try-catch with specific errors
try {
const result = await riskyOperation();
return result;
} catch (error) {
if (error instanceof ValidationError) {
throw new AppError('VALIDATION', error.message, 400);
}
throw new AppError('INTERNAL', 'Unexpected error', 500);
}
Function Rules
- Max 50 satir, tek sorumluluk
- Max 3 parametre (fazlasi obje olarak)
- Early return (nested if yerine guard clause)
- Pure function tercih et (side effect yok)
// YANLIS: Deep nesting
function process(user) {
if (user) {
if (user.isActive) {
if (user.hasPermission) {
return doWork(user);
}
}
}
}
// DOGRU: Early return
function process(user) {
if (!user) return null;
if (!user.isActive) return null;
if (!user.hasPermission) return null;
return doWork(user);
}
SOLID Principles
| Prensip | Kural |
|---|
| S - Single Responsibility | Her sinif/fonksiyon tek is |
| O - Open/Closed | Extension'a acik, modification'a kapali |
| L - Liskov Substitution | Alt tip, ust tipin yerine gecebilmeli |
| I - Interface Segregation | Kucuk, specific interface'ler |
| D - Dependency Inversion | Abstraction'a baglan, concrete'e degil |
Result<T,E> Pattern (Functional Error Handling)
Exception fırlatmak yerine explicit error dondur. Ozellikle API katmaninda, service'lerde ve veri islemede kullan.
// Result type tanimi
type Result<T, E = Error> =
| { ok: true; value: T }
| { ok: false; error: E };
// Kullanim
function parseConfig(raw: string): Result<Config, ValidationError> {
try {
const parsed = JSON.parse(raw);
if (!isValidConfig(parsed)) {
return { ok: false, error: new ValidationError('Invalid config shape') };
}
return { ok: true, value: parsed as Config };
} catch {
return { ok: false, error: new ValidationError('Invalid JSON') };
}
}
// Tuketim
const result = parseConfig(input);
if (!result.ok) {
logger.warn('Config parse failed', { error: result.error.message });
return fallbackConfig;
}
const config = result.value;
Ne zaman kullan: Service layer, parser, validator, external API cagrisi
Ne zaman kullanma: Basit utility, internal fonksiyon (try/catch yeterli)
Comment Rules
- Yorumlar zamansiz olmali: "Simdi boyle cunku..." yerine "Bu yaklasim X sebebiyle tercih edildi" yaz
- Neden > Ne: Kod ne yaptigini zaten gosteriyor, NEDEN yaptigini yaz
- Clarity over brevity: Kisa yorum ama anlamsizsa, uzun ama anlamli yorum yaz
- Yanlis yorum > yorum yok: Yanlis yorum tehlikelidir, guncellenmeyen yorum sil
// YANLIS: Ne yaptigini anlatiyor (gereksiz)
// Kullanici adini buyuk harfe cevir
const name = user.name.toUpperCase();
// DOGRU: Neden yapildigini anlatiyor
// Legacy API buyuk harf bekliyor, v3'te kaldirilacak
const name = user.name.toUpperCase();
function vs Arrow Function
| Durum | Tercih | Neden |
|---|
| Exported fonksiyon | function declaration | Hoisted, debug stack trace'de gorunur |
| React component | function declaration | Tutarlilik, DevTools'da isim gorunur |
| Callback, inline | Arrow => | Kisa, this binding yok |
| Method | Arrow (class field) | this binding garantili |
// DOGRU: Exported fonksiyon
export function calculateTotal(items: Item[]): number {
return items.reduce((sum, item) => sum + item.price, 0);
}
// DOGRU: Callback
const filtered = items.filter(item => item.active);
Anti-Patterns
| Anti-Pattern | Cozum |
|---|
| Magic number | Named constant kullan |
| God class/function | Parcala, tek sorumluluk |
| console.log debug | Logger kullan, commit etme |
| Hardcoded values | Config/env variable |
| Any type | Specific type tanimla |